http:\/\/politiken.dk\/indland\/ECE1941066\/samfundets-svage-skal-tilgodeses-i-sundhedsvaesnet\/<\/p>\n
Med andre ord \u00f8nsker foreningen, at politikerne i h\u00f8jere grad t\u00e6nker social ulighed ind i de kliniske retningslinjer, s\u00e5 sundhedsv\u00e6snet bliver bedre til at omfavne alle behov.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00bbNogle kroniske patienter er meget opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 symptomer p\u00e5 forv\u00e6rring af deres sygdomme og henvender sig til egen l\u00e6ge af sig selv. Andre skal f\u00f8lges helt anderledes t\u00e6t, fordi de ikke har ressourcerne til selv at ops\u00f8ge hj\u00e6lp\u00ab, siger Jette Dam-Hansen.<\/span><\/p>\n Hun henviser til tal fra Region Hovedstaden, der viser, at 27 procent af borgere med kort uddannelse lider af tre eller flere langvarige sygdomme. Det tilsvarende tal for borgere med lang uddannelse er fem procent.<\/span><\/p>\n De er ekke n\u00e5et nyt at d\u00e6r er sammenh\u00e6ng m\u00e6llem disse. Forskere har fornylit d\u00e6rfor f\u00e5et d\u00e6n id\u00e9 at d\u00e6r er en g\u00e6neral fitness fakotor, lissom at d\u00e6r er en g\u00e6neral ent\u00e6llig\u00e6ns faktor, g<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n Jaj sit\u00e9rer bl.a.:<\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong> –<\/p>\n In a recent paper we reported a positive association between general intelligence and semen quality in male humans. Specifically, in a sample of 425 Vietnam-era veterans, we found positive correlations between a g factor (representing general intelligence, extracted from factor analysis of five well-validated cognitive tests) and three independent measures of semen quality: sperm concen- tration (r = 0.15, p = 0.002), sperm count (r = 0.19, p = 0.001) and sperm motility (r = 0.14, p = 0.002). None of these correla- tions were mediated by age, body mass index, combat experience in Vietnam, use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana or hard drugs or days of sexual abstinence before collection of the semen sample. We argued that although these correlations were small in magni- tude, they might be theoretically important for understanding the evolutionary genetics of human phenotypic variation.<\/p>\n From an adaptationist viewpoint, there is little reason to expect a correlation in functional efficiency between two such disparate traits: intelligence depends mainly on brain function and neural development, whereas semen quality depends mainly on testicular function and spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, we hypothesized that there may be pervasive positive correlations among the functional efficiencies of many organ systems because different organs are influenced by overlapping sets of genes. Since most genes are pleio- tropic (affecting several traits in parallel), most mutations are likely to have pleiotropic effects in disrupting several traits in parallel. Potentially, such pleiotropic mutations could produce positive genetic correlations in the functional efficiencies of different organ systems, yielding positive phenotypic correlations in different components of fitness, such as intelligence and fertility.<\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong> Abstract<\/strong> Noen forskere har endda foresl\u00e5et pr\u00e6sis de som l\u00e6erne forsl\u00e5r i d\u00e6n danske artikel.<\/p>\n The present data have a number of interesting applications. One is derived from the field of cognitive epidemiology\u2014a relatively new field of study that examines intelligence-health associations (Deary, 2009<\/a>). In our current study, Table 1<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Table 2<\/a> show that there is a difference in educational level for MCI and AD in both the ADNI (\u03c7<\/em>2<\/sup>1<\/sub> = 79.2; p<\/em> = 2.2 \u00d7 10\u221216<\/sup>) and CHS-CS (\u03c7<\/em>2<\/sup>1<\/sub> = 4.0; p<\/em> = 0.05) cohorts, with the AD group having a smaller percentage of subjects with more than 12 years of education. This could suggest a hypothetical causal chain whereby a lower educational level is associated with poorer skills for choosing healthy behaviors leading to higher BMI values and lower brain volumes. Clearly, whether or not an individual chooses healthy behaviors depends on many factors \u2014 including access to exercise, education, and other cultural factors. General intelligence may also be a contributing factor.<\/p>\n Specifically, general intelligence has been found to contribute to overall educational achievement (Deary et al., 2007<\/a>). It is unfortunate that a measure of intelligence was not consistently collected in both the datasets analyzed here, as intelligence is the best single predictor of achieved educational level (Deary et al., 2007<\/a>). This hypothetical causal chain could show that poorer intellectual function leads to a lower level of educational attainment, which may be associated with poorer skills for choosing healthy behaviors, higher BMI values, and thus lower brain volumes. Interestingly, intelligence is itself positively correlated with brain volume (Luders et al., 2009b<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0McDaniel, 2005<\/a>).<\/p>\n If this line of reasoning is correct, cognitive epidemiology may provide some insight for public policy (Lubinski, 2009<\/a>). We have shown that obesity may modify the risk for cognitive impairment because of the link to compromised brain structure. Thus, when proposing behaviors for controlling body fat content, the population distribution of intelligence should also be considered as the relationship between general intelligence and healthy outcomes has been established (Arden et al., 2009<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Lubinski, 2009<\/a>). Preventing obesity requires healthy behaviors that may already be more evident in better educated people, so healthcare systems may have greater success by developing targeting messages to populations with poorer access to education, or poorer educational attainment. <\/strong>[min \u00e6mfase]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" http:\/\/politiken.dk\/indland\/ECE1941066\/samfundets-svage-skal-tilgodeses-i-sundhedsvaesnet\/ Med andre ord \u00f8nsker foreningen, at politikerne i h\u00f8jere grad t\u00e6nker social ulighed ind i de kliniske retningslinjer, s\u00e5 sundhedsv\u00e6snet bliver bedre til at omfavne alle behov. \u00bbNogle kroniske patienter er meget opm\u00e6rksomme p\u00e5 symptomer p\u00e5 forv\u00e6rring af deres sygdomme og henvender sig til egen l\u00e6ge af sig selv. Andre skal f\u00f8lges helt anderledes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1598,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicin","category-psykologi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2841"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2841\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2846,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2841\/revisions\/2846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\nWe recently found positive correlations between human general intelligence and three key indices of semen quality, and hypothesized that these correlations arise through a phenotype-wide \u2018general fitness factor\u2019 reflecting overall mutation load.\u00a0 In this addendum we consider some of the biochemical pathways that may act as targets for pleiotropic mutations that disrupt both neuron function and sperm function in parallel. We focus especially on the inter-related roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, exocytosis, and receptor signaling.<\/p>\n\n
\nWe suggest that an over-arching \u2018\ufb01tness factor\u2019 (an index of general genetic quality that predicts survival and reproductive success) partially explains the observed associations between health outcomes and intelligence. As a proof of concept, we tested this idea in a sample of 3654 US Vietnamveterans aged 31\u201349 who completed \ufb01ve cognitive tests (fromwhich we extracted a g factor), a detailed medical examination, and self-reports concerning lifestyle health risks (such as smoking and drinking). As indices of physical health, we aggregated \u2018abnormality counts\u2019 of physician-assessed neurological, morphological, and physiological abnormalities in eight categories: cranial nerves, motor nerves, peripheral sensory nerves, re\ufb02exes, head, body, skin condition, and urine tests. Since each abnormality was rare, the abnormality counts showed highly skewed, Poisson-like distributions. The correlation matrix amongst these eight abnormality counts formed only a weak positive manifold and thus yielded only a weak common factor. However, Poisson regressions showed that intelligence was a signi\ufb01cant positive predictor of six of the eight abnormality counts, even controlling for diverse lifestyle covariates (age, obesity, combat and toxin exposure owing to service in Vietnam, and use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs). These results give preliminary support for the notion of a superordinate \ufb01tness factor above intelligence and physical health, which could be further investigated with direct genetic assessments of mutation load across individuals.<\/p>\n\n
\nJust as body symmetry reveals developmental stability at the morphological level, general intelligence may reveal developmental stability at the level of brain development and cognitive functioning. These two forms of developmental stability may overlap by tapping into a \u201cgeneral fitness factor.\u201d If so, then intellectual tests with higher g<\/em>-loadings should show higher correlations with a composite measure of body symmetry. We tested this prediction in 78 young males by measuring their left\u2013right symmetry at 10 body points, and by administering five cognitive tests with diverse g<\/em>-loadings. As predicted, we found a significant (z<\/em>=3.64, p<\/em><0.003) relationship between each test’s rank order g<\/em>-loading and its body symmetry association. We also found a substantial correlation (r<\/em>=0.39, p<\/em><0.01) between body symmetry and our most highly g<\/em>-loaded test (Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices). General intelligence is apparently a valid indicator of general developmental stability and heritable fitness, which may partly explain its social and sexual attractiveness.<\/p>\n\n