{"id":330,"date":"2008-06-06T16:01:39","date_gmt":"2008-06-06T15:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/deleet.dk\/?p=330"},"modified":"2008-06-06T16:01:39","modified_gmt":"2008-06-06T15:01:39","slug":"b%c3%b8r-er-problemet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/?p=330","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f8r-er problemet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tak til Adonael for ideen.<\/a><\/p>\n

Hume diskuterer problemet i bog III, del I, sektion I af hans A Treatise of Human Nature<\/em>.<\/p>\n

“In every system of morality, which I have hitherto met with, I have always remark’d, that the author proceeds for some time in the ordinary ways of reasoning, and establishes the being of a God, or makes observations concerning human affairs; when all of a sudden I am surpriz’d to find, that instead of the usual copulations of propositions, is, and is not, I meet with no proposition that is not connected with an ought, or an ought not. This change is imperceptible; but is however, of the last consequence. For as this ought, or ought not,that expresses some new relation or affirmation, ’tis necessary that it shou’d be observ’d and explain’d; and at the same time that a reason should be given; for what seems altogether inconceivable, how this new relation can be a deduction from others, which are entirely different from it.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hume mener ikke, at man kan slutte en moralsk proposition (en der indeholder b\u00f8r), fra en deskriptiv proposition (en der indeholder er).<\/p>\n

Overvej dette argument:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Alle Emil’s \toverbevisninger er sandt.<\/li>\n
  2. Det er Emil’s \toverbevisning at man b\u00f8r bruge Google.<\/li>\n
  3. Det er sandt, \tat man b\u00f8r bruge Google. (1, 2)<\/li>\n
  4. Man b\u00f8r \tbruge Google. (3)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Problem?<\/p>\n

    Hvis det er sandt, at man ikke kan slutte b\u00f8r <\/em>fra er<\/em> hvor er s\u00e5 b\u00f8r-pr\u00e6misset i dette argument? Vi ved at argumentet er logisk gyldigt og vi antager at pr\u00e6misserne er sande.<\/p>\n

    Man kunne m\u00e5ske mene, at der er tale om en semantisk illusion, og at der virkelig er et b\u00f8r-pr\u00e6mis. Det ville nok v\u00e6re bedst, i s\u00e5 fald, at analysere (2). M\u00e5ske kan lidt doksastisk logik<\/a> hj\u00e6lpe?<\/p>\n

    (2) Det er Emil’s overbevisning at man b\u00f8r bruge Google.<\/p>\n

    Omskrives til:<\/p>\n

    (2′) Bx(\u2200O<\/em>(G))<\/p>\n

    Dermed ligger b\u00f8r-pr\u00e6misset skjult bag ‘Emil tror’. Hvis alt Emil tror, er tilf\u00e6ldet, s\u00e5 m\u00e5 det v\u00e6re tilf\u00e6ldet, at (\u2200O(G).<\/p>\n

    Mere pr\u00e6cist, s\u00e5 fort\u00e6ller (1) at alle overbevisninger som Emil har er sande. \u2200Bx=T. Dermed ved vi, at alle b\u00f8r bruge Google er sandt (\u2200O(G)=T. Og da p\u00e5standen at P er sand, er det samme som at h\u00e6vde P, s\u00e5 m\u00e5 p\u00e5standen ‘alle b\u00f8r bruge Google er sand’, v\u00e6re det samme som alle b\u00f8r bruge Google.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tak til Adonael for ideen. Hume diskuterer problemet i bog III, del I, sektion I af hans A Treatise of Human Nature. “In every system of morality, which I have hitherto met with, I have always remark’d, that the author proceeds for some time in the ordinary ways of reasoning, and establishes the being of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,29,8],"tags":[189,1097],"class_list":["post-330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-epistemologi","category-etik-filosofi","category-filosofi","tag-br-er","tag-sandhed"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/330\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/da\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}