{"id":3100,"date":"2012-07-14T22:28:06","date_gmt":"2012-07-14T21:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/?p=3100"},"modified":"2012-07-14T22:30:34","modified_gmt":"2012-07-14T21:30:34","slug":"interesting-report-on-the-swedish-model-with-regards-to-prostitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/2012\/07\/interesting-report-on-the-swedish-model-with-regards-to-prostitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Interesting paper on The Swedish Model with regards to prostitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I recently discovered an awesome blog about prostitution. It is run by a former prostitute, or \u201cretired call girl\u201d as she calls herself. The blog is called The Honest Courtesan and is very much worth reading. The author is clearly a clever person who rightly hates the modern feminists, or neofeminists as she calls them. Im ok with that term. Alternatives are gender feminists, third wave feminists.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Anyway, i was reading a couple of <a href=\"http:\/\/maggiemcneill.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/13\/the-last-thirteen-for-fourteen\/\">blog<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/maggiemcneill.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/22\/sales-pitch\/\">posts<\/a> and stumbled upon this paper: <a href=\"http:\/\/maggiemcneill.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/dodillet-ostergren-the-swedish-sex-purchase-act.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Swedish Sex Purchase Act: Claimed Success and Documented Effects<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dodillet-ostergren-the-swedish-sex-purchase-act.pdf\">mirror<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>There is no abstract, but the Introduction works as well:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sweden&#8217;s criminalization of the purchase of sexual services in 1999 is said to be a unique<br \/>\nmeasure: to only punish those who buy sexual services, not those who sell them. However this<br \/>\nalleged uniqueness is questionable, and for several reasons. There are a number of other laws<br \/>\nand regulations against prostitution, which effectively make Swedish prostitution policy<br \/>\nsimilar to those countries in the world that attempt to reduce or eradicate prostitution with<br \/>\nlegislative means. Another reason the claim to uniqueness is doubtful is that one must<br \/>\nexamine more than the wording of a law or policy model (&#8220;it is only those who buy sex who<br \/>\nare being punished&#8221;) when analyzing it \u2013 one has to consider the actual consequences. For<br \/>\ninstance, a law against the purchase of the services offered in massage therapy, psychotherapy<br \/>\nor sexual health counselling would obviously not only punish the buyers, but also carry<br \/>\nnegative consequences for those who offer the services. Therefore, to only focus on one of<br \/>\nseveral prostitution laws, ignore its consequences and call this a &#8220;unique&#8221; policy model is<br \/>\neither ignorant or a deliberate deception.<\/p>\n<p>But there are some aspects of the Sex Purchase Act that can be said to be unique. One such<br \/>\naspect is the way it has been justified by policymakers.<\/p>\n<p>The Sex Purchase Act was introduced by feminist policymakers who argued that prostitution<br \/>\nis a form of male violence against women, that it is physically and psychologically damaging<br \/>\nto sell sex and that there are no women who sell sex voluntarily. Furthermore, it was claimed<br \/>\nthat if one wants to achieve a gender-equal society, then prostitution must cease to exist \u2013 not<br \/>\nonly for the above-mentioned reasons, but also because all women in society are harmed as<br \/>\nlong as men think they can &#8220;buy women&#8217;s bodies&#8221;.2<br \/>\nIf the ban would have adverse effects for<br \/>\nindividual women who sell sex, or if it violates their right to self-determination would not<br \/>\nmatter. The gender-equal symbolic value of the Sex Purchase Act is more important.3<br \/>\nThis<br \/>\nradical feminist-inspired view of prostitution has existed in the West since the 1970s, but has<br \/>\nnot been applied at state level before. In Sweden, it was first embraced by the Social<br \/>\nDemocratic government in 1998, and later by the Liberal Alliance Government in 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Another unique aspect of the Sex Purchase Act is how persistently the ban, or the &#8220;Swedish<br \/>\nmodel&#8221;, has been marketed. One of the stated aims from the very outset was to export it to<br \/>\nother countries.4<br \/>\nBoth governments, authorities, political actors and Non Governmental<br \/>\nOrganizations (NGOs) have devoted time and money to market it internationally. Pamphlets,<br \/>\nwebsites, articles, books and movies have been produced and lobby activities have been<br \/>\nconducted towards the European Union (EU) and the rest of the world with the help of this<br \/>\nmaterial and via workshops, seminars and debates.5<br \/>\nCountries considering changes in their<br \/>\nprostitution laws, have subsequently turned to Sweden for inspiration.<\/p>\n<p>At the core of the marketing campaign has been the stated success of the Sex Purchase Act. It<br \/>\nis said to have reduced prostitution and trafficking for sexual purposes, to have had a deterrent<br \/>\neffect on clients, and to have changed societal attitudes towards prostitution \u2013 all this without<br \/>\nhaving any negative consequences. Most recently these claims were stated in the 2010 official<br \/>\nevaluation of the Sex Purchase Act, and repeated by Minister of Justice Beatrice Ask in an<br \/>\narticle for CNN.6<br \/>\nThe problem with these claims is that if they are carefully investigated they<br \/>\ndo not appear to be supported by the available facts or research. As soon as the official<br \/>\nevaluation was published, it was also criticized from several directions.7<br \/>\nIn the consultation<br \/>\nprocess following the publication of the evaluation, the critique was especially harsh from<br \/>\nthose referral bodies who conduct prostitution research, and those working with health and<br \/>\ndiscrimination issues (when law amendments are proposed in an official inquiry the report is<br \/>\ncirculated for consultation before it undergoes further preparation).8<br \/>\nThe criticism has<br \/>\nprimarily been focused on the evaluation\u2019s lack of scientific rigor: it did not have an objective<br \/>\nstarting point, since the terms of reference given were that the purchase of sex must continue<br \/>\nto be illegal; there was not a satisfying definition of prostitution; it did not take into account<br \/>\nideology, method, sources and possible confounding factors; there were inconsistencies,<br \/>\ncontradictions, haphazard referencing, irrelevant or flawed comparisons and conclusions were<br \/>\nmade without factual backup and were at times of a speculative character. 9<\/p>\n<p>In this report we will focus on the conflict between the stated success of the ban and the lack<br \/>\nof data that can back up these claims. Because, when reviewing the research and reports<br \/>\navailable, it becomes clear that the Sex Purchase Act cannot be said to have decreased<br \/>\nprostitution, trafficking for sexual purposes, or had a deterrent effect on clients to the extent<br \/>\nclaimed. Nor is it possible to claim that public attitudes towards prostitution have changed<br \/>\nsignificantly in the desired radical feminist direction or that there has been a similar increased<br \/>\nsupport of the ban. We have also found reports of serious adverse effects of the Sex Purchase<br \/>\nAct \u2013 especially concerning the health and well-being of sex workers \u2013 in spite of the fact that<br \/>\nthe lawmakers stressed that the ban was not to have a detrimental effect on people in<br \/>\nprostitution.10<\/p>\n<p>The authors of this report have researched different aspects of the Swedish prostitution policy<br \/>\nover several years. One of us has also conducted field work among people who sell sex in<br \/>\nSweden.11<br \/>\nThis particular report is based on research we have conducted in the context of a<br \/>\nlarger project conducted through the University of Leiden, the Netherlands. It is written with<br \/>\nan international audience in mind, the reason being that there appears to be a large demand for<br \/>\nknowledge regarding the actual effects of the &#8220;Swedish model&#8221; \u2013 knowledge that is based on<br \/>\nSwedish research but not filtered through the official discourse. To our understanding, the<br \/>\nresearch presented here has not previously been compiled and translated into English.<\/p>\n<p>We will begin this report by providing an overview of the laws and regulations surrounding<br \/>\nprostitution, move on to discuss the documented effects of the Sex Purchase Act and end with<br \/>\na brief conclusion. \u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I recently discovered an awesome blog about prostitution. It is run by a former prostitute, or \u201cretired call girl\u201d as she calls herself. The blog is called The Honest Courtesan and is very much worth reading. The author is clearly a clever person who rightly hates the modern feminists, or neofeminists as she calls them. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1850],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-feminismequality","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3100"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3102,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions\/3102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}