{"id":3303,"date":"2012-10-11T09:32:08","date_gmt":"2012-10-11T08:32:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/?p=3303"},"modified":"2012-10-11T09:32:37","modified_gmt":"2012-10-11T08:32:37","slug":"review-particle-physics-a-very-short-introduction-frank-close","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/2012\/10\/review-particle-physics-a-very-short-introduction-frank-close\/","title":{"rendered":"Review: Particle Physics, A very short introduction (Frank Close)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It&#8217;s pretty decent. I definitely learned a lot of quarks and squarks and other strange entities!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/Particle-Physics-A-Very-Short-Introduction.pdf\">Particle Physics &#8211; A Very Short Introduction<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is 2070 metres below<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">ground in a nickel mine in Sudbury, Ontario. Its heart is an acrylic<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">vessel filled with 1,000 tonnes of \u2018heavy water\u2019, called deuterium, in<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">which a neutron joins the single proton of ordinary hydrogen. In<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">SNO, electron-neutrinos interact with the neutrons in the<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">deuterium to create protons and electrons, and the fast-moving<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">electrons emit cones of Cerenkov radiation as they travel through<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">the heavy water. The Cerenkov light forms patterns of rings on the<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">inner surface of the water tank, where it is picked up by thousands<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">of phototubes arrayed around the walls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Thats not right. Deuterium is not heavy water. But heavy water usually contains deuterium. At least, if one is using \u201cheavy water\u201d as any water molecule heavier than normal, that is, which contains either deuterium or tritium or a higher isotope of oxygen (17 or 18). See also Wikipedia on heavy water. <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heavy_water#Other_heavy_forms_of_water\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heavy_water#Other_heavy_forms_of_water<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">This is the first fortunate circumstance. Humans are the pinnacle of<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">evolution and it has taken almost all of those 5 billion years for us<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">to emerge. Had the Sun burned faster, it would have died before<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">we arrived.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Biologists hate such talk. Assuming that life only started once on Earth, then every single nonextinct lifeform is evolved to the same degree. At least, if that is what one means by having used the same time evolving since the first life.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It&#8217;s pretty decent. I definitely learned a lot of quarks and squarks and other strange entities! Particle Physics &#8211; A Very Short Introduction &#8211; The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is 2070 metres below ground in a nickel mine in Sudbury, Ontario. Its heart is an acrylic vessel filled with 1,000 tonnes of \u2018heavy water\u2019, called [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[1932],"class_list":["post-3303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-physics","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3303"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3306,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3303\/revisions\/3306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emilkirkegaard.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}