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Some of the best psychology related to intelligence and other applications have been conducted by the Anglo-sphere military. I don’t actually know much about the research that has been conducted by other industrialized nations, but presumably they have done some, and published it in the local languages, thus why I haven’t seen much reference to it. I know of a few Danish reports, which I will also link below. This post is more of a literature pointer than a summary in words. See also Wikipedia.

There is a journal for this topic too:

• Military psychology

US military

By far the most research is done using US data. This summary is not remotely close to exhaustive. One can easily find various papers with US data by searching for the names of the tests used: ASVAB/AFQT, Army Alpha/Beta (WW1), and a few more specialized variants like

• DuBois, P. H. (1947). The classification program (No. 2). US Government Printing Office.
• Project A
  • Special issue – Personnel Psychology, 1990, Volume 43, Issue 2
    • Campbell, C. H., Ford, P., Rumsey, M. G., Pulakos, E. D., Borman, W. C., Felker, D. B., … & Riegelhaupt, B. J. (1990). Development of multiple job performance measures in a representative sample of jobs. Personnel psychology, 43(2), 277-300.
    • (and others)
  • Campbell, J. P., & Knapp, D. J. (2010). Project a 12 years of R & D. In Handbook of employee selection (pp. 865-886). Taylor and Francis.
  • Sellman, W. S., Russell, T. L., & Strickland, W. J. (2010). Selection and classification in the US military. In Handbook of employee selection (pp. 697-721). Routledge.
• Wigdor, A. K., & Green, B. F. (1991). Performance assessment for the workplace, Volumes I & II. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
• Maier, M. H. (1993). Military aptitude testing: The past fifty years (No. DMDC-TR-93-007). DEFENSE MANPOWER DATA CENTER MONTEREY CA.
• Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S. I., & Mathieu, J. E. (1995). Toward theoretically based principles of training effectiveness: A model and initial empirical investigation. Military psychology, 7(3), 141-164.
• Segall, D. O., & Moreno, K. E. (1999). Development of the computerized adaptive testing version of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. Innovations in computerized assessment, 35-65.
• Drasgow, F., Nye, C. D., Carretta, T. R., & Ree, M. J. (2010). Factor Structure of the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test Form S: Analysis and Comparison with Previous Forms. Military Psychology, 22(1), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995600903249255
• White, L. A., Rumsey, M. G., Mullins, H. M., Nye, C. D., & LaPort, K. A. (2014). Toward a new attrition screening paradigm: Latest army advances. Military Psychology, 26(3), 138-152.
• Warne, R. T., Burton, J. Z., Gibbons, A., & Melendez, D. A. (2019). Stephen Jay Gould’s analysis of the Army Beta test in The Mismeasure of Man: Distortions and misconceptions regarding a pioneering mental test. Journal of Intelligence, 7(1), 6.
• Hambrick, D. Z., Burgoyne, A. P., & Oswald, F. L. (2019). Domain-general models of expertise: The role of cognitive ability. DZ Hambrick, AP Burgoyne, & FL Oswald, P. Ward, J. Maarten Schraagen, J. Gore, & E. Roth (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Expertise. Oxford University Press. https://doi. org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198795872.013, 3.
  • Contains some reanalyses of the data from “the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement/Enlistment (JPM) Standards Project, a large study initiated in 1980 by the U.S. Department of Defense to develop measures of military job performance. Wigdor and Green reported that, across 23 jobs (N= 7,093 military personnel)”

UK military

• Vernon, P. E., & Parry, J. B. (1949). Personnel selection in the British forces.
• Shimmin, S., & Wallis, D. (1994). Fifty years of occupational psychology in Britain. Division and Section of Occupational Psychology, British Psychological Society.
  • Has a length review of UK WW2 military efforts

Canadian military

• Ramsey, C., & Wright, E. N. (1968). The Raven Progressive Matrices: A Review of Literature Relating to Its Selection for Use in the New Canadian Study.

Danish military

• Kousgaard, E. (2003). 50 år med intelligensprøven BPP. Forsvarsakademiet, Institut for militærpsykologi.
• Teasdale, T. W. (2009). The Danish draft board’s intelligence test, Børge Priens Prøve: psychometric properties and research applications through 50 years. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 50(6), 633-638.
• Teasdale, T. W., Hartmann, P. V., Pedersen, C. H., & Bertelsen, M. (2011). The reliability and validity of the Danish Draft Board cognitive ability test: Børge Prien’s Prøve. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 52(2), 126-130.

French military

• Montmollin, M.D. (1958). Le niveau intellectuel des recrues du contingent. Population
  13(2): 259–268. http://doi.org/10.2307/1524820
  • Gives mean IQs by various groupings from French test data. Used by this 2015 paper of mine.

Mixed

• Koppes, L. L. (Ed.). (2014). Historical perspectives in industrial and organizational psychology. Psychology Press.
  • Mostly not about military psychology, but has some chapters on it